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Action Saybusch ((ドイツ語:Aktion Saybusch), (ポーランド語:Akcja Żywiec)) was the mass expulsion of some 18,000–20,000 ethnic Poles from the territory of Żywiec County in Polish Silesia, conducted by the Wehrmacht and German police during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The main purpose of the forcible displacement of Polish nationals was to create space for German colonists from across Eastern Europe, after the annexation of western Poland into the Third Reich in 1939. The Action was part of the Adolf Hitler's plan known as Lebensraum which involved Germanization of all Polish areas west of the territory allocated to the General Government. The name of the Action came from the German name of Żywiec – Saybusch.〔 Displacements of the Poles from Żywiec and surrounding villages and towns was led by the occupation authorities under ' Fritz Arlt, who replaced Bruno Müller from RKF.〔 ''Aktion Saybusch'' lasted from September to December 1940, with some 3,200 Volksdeutsche brought in ''Heim ins Reich'' (Home into the Empire) from Romanian Bukovina. The process of expulsions continued thereafter. In total, between 1940 and 1944, around 50,000 Poles were forcibly removed from the region and replaced with about 4,000 settlers from Eastern Galicia and Volhynia who were given new latifundia. Before the German attack on the Soviet Union, their transfer was agreed upon by both invaders at the Gestapo–NKVD Conferences. The expulsions from eastern Silesia were the direct responsibility of the ' Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, who was also responsible for instigating them.〔 ==Course of the expulsions== (詳細はMarks was to be paid by the captives themselves. The Action began simultaneously at different locations on September 22, 1940, at 5 in the morning. The police and army units surrounded Polish settlements and entered individual homes ordering farmers to get out within 20 minutes. Eye-witness Helena Szatanikowa remarked that all instructions came from a warrant printed in Polish.〔 Residents were requested to turn in all money and valuables. They were allowed to take with them only clothing and food, leaving behind everything else including livestock. They were marched and trucked to the so-called transit points in nearby towns of Żywiec, Rajcza, Sucha Beskidzka, Końskie and others. Meanwhile, the new settlers were already waiting at the distribution centers set up in Bogumin and Cieszyn. The Poles were subjected to selection, and separated into those "racially valuable" (for preferential treatment) and the rest, including women and children. Groups of young men were gathered for slave labor in Germany. According to German law all captives were to be supplied with necessities for 14 days; however, in practice they were stripped of the remnants of their own belongings in the process of luggage and body searches.〔 The assembly points at railway stations held about 1,000 people at the time; they were split into groups of 40 in line with already numbered rail cars. Each transport was usually sent separately, first to a railway junction in Łódź (for further selection), and from there to previously chosen locations across the General Government (''Generalgouvernement'' in German). Poles were delivered to towns and villages in the vicinity of Biłgoraj, Wadowice, Radzymin, Łuków, and to the Lublin and Kielce governorates, where they were dropped off alone without any help. Moreover, the Germans had warned the local population that the arriving deportees were criminals, thus further worsening their plight. They were met with fear and only reluctant acceptance at their destinations. Many died during transport. Others were forced to beg. The whole displacement action was conducted by the ''Polizei-Battalion No. 82'' (under Kegel) and ''Battalion No. 83'' (under Eugen Seim, stationed in Jeleśnia) with approximately 500 soldiers as well as numerous SS, RKF and NSDAP functionaries including ''Katowice'' Gestapo officers.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Action Saybusch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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